חדשות המחקר
אריאלה גולדנשלוגר, נאסר סקרן: תוצאות ירידה במשקל ודפוסי אורח חיים בעקבות ניתוח שרוול קיבה: מחקר רטרוספקטיבי בן 8 שנים של 212 חולים (ניתוחי השמנת יתר).
ניתוח שרוול קיבה (SG, Sleeve Gastrectomy) הוא טיפול יעיל להשמנה קיצונית; עם זאת, תוצאות הירידה במשקל לטווח הארוך נותרו לא מובנות במידה רבה. מטרתנו הייתה לבחון את שינויי המשקל לאורך זמן בעקבות ניתוח SG, מאפייני חולה ודפוסים של אורח חיים הקשורים לתוצאות ירידה במשקל.
Milana Frenkel Morgenstern, David Karasik: The "GEnomics of Musculo Skeletal Traits TranslatiOnal NEtwork": Origins, Rationale, Organization, and Prospects (Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) .)
Musculoskeletal research has been enriched in the past ten years with a great wealth of new discoveries arising from genome wide association studies (GWAS). In addition to the novel factors identified by GWAS, the advent of whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing efforts in family based studies has also identified new genes and pathways. However, the function and the mechanisms by which such genes influence clinical traits remain largely unknown. There is imperative need to bring multidisciplinary expertise together that will allow translating these genomic discoveries into useful clinical applications with the potential of improving patient care. Therefore "GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal traits TranslatiOnal NEtwork" (GEMSTONE) aims to set the ground for the: 1) functional characterization of discovered genes and pathways; 2) understanding of the correspondence between molecular and clinical assessments; and 3) implementation of novel methodological approaches.
Amir Mari, Tawfik Khoury: Diagnosis and Management of Achalasia: Updates of the Last Two Years (J Clin Med . )
The aim of the current review is to provide a practical clinical approach to dysphagia and to shed light on the most recent improvements in diagnostics and treatment of achalasia over the last two years.
Offer Amir: Predictors of Hypoxemia and Related Adverse Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Double-Center Retrospective Study (J Clin Med .)
Hypoxemia is a hallmark of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. We sought to determine predictors of hypoxemia and related adverse outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the two largest hospitals in Jerusalem, Israel, from 9 March through 16 July 2020.
Offer Amir: Improving Diuretic Response in Heart Failure by Implementing a Patient-Tailored Variability and Chronotherapy-Guided Algorithm (Front Cardiovasc Med . )
Heart failure is a major public health problem, which is associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and healthcare expenditures. A substantial amount of the morbidity is attributed to volume overload, for which loop diuretics are a mandatory treatment. However, the variability in response to diuretics and development of diuretic resistance adversely affect the clinical outcomes. Morevoer, there exists a marked intra- and inter-patient variability in response to diuretics that affects the clinical course and related adverse outcomes. In the present article, we review the mechanisms underlying the development of diuretic resistance.
Trishna Saha, Hava Gil-Henn: Invadopodia, a Kingdom of Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (Cells .)
Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) are crucial mediators of intracellular signaling and control a wide variety of processes such as cell division, morphogenesis, and motility. Aberrant NRTK-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation has been linked to various human disorders and diseases, among them cancer metastasis, to which no treatment presently exists. Invasive cancer cells leaving the primary tumor use invadopodia, feet-like structures which facilitate extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and intravasation, to escape the primary tumor and disseminate into distant tissues and organs during metastasis. A major challenge in metastasis research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying invadopodia regulation, as the general belief is that targeting these structures can potentially lead to the eradication of cancer metastasis. Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) play a central role in regulating invadopodia formation and function, but how they coordinate the signaling leading to these processes was not clear until recently. Here, we describe the major NRTKs that rule invadopodia and how they work in concert while keeping an accurate hierarchy to control tumor cell invasiveness and dissemination.
Trishna Saha, Jonathan Solomon, Abraham O Samson, Hava Gil-Henn: Invasion and Metastasis as a Central Hallmark of Breast Cancer (J Clin Med . )
Hanahan and Weinberg introduced the "hallmarks of cancer" and typified essential biological abilities acquired by human cancer. Since then, a growing understanding of hallmark principles associated with breast cancer has assisted knowledge-based therapeutics development; however, despite the rapidly increasing number of targeted therapeutics, enduring disease-free responses for most forms of breast cancer is rare. Invasion and metastasis are the most defining feature of breast cancer malignancy and the leading cause of patient mortality. Hence, we propose a modified hallmarks model adapted to breast cancer, in which invasion and metastasis are shifted to the center of attention, thereby emphasizing it as a potentially superior therapeutic target.
Tzipora C Falik-Zaccai: Expert opinion on diagnosing, treating and managing patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX): a modified Delphi study (Orphanet J Rare Dis .)
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare, chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder requiring life-long care. Patients with CTX often experience a diagnostic delay. Although early diagnosis and treatment initiation can improve symptoms and prognosis, a standardised approach to diagnosis, treatment and management of patients is not yet established. Aim: To assess expert opinion on best care practices for patients with CTX using a modified Delphi method.
Erez Kachel, Keren Constantini, Shemy Carasso: A Pilot Study of Blood Pressure Monitoring After Cardiac Surgery Using a Wearable, Non-invasive Sensor (Front Med (Lausanne) .)
Continuous blood pressure (BP) measurement in intensive care units is based on arterial line (AL) transducers, sometimes associated with clinical complications. Our objective was to evaluate continuous BP measurements obtained from a non-invasive, wireless photoplethysmography (PPG)-based device using two distinct configurations (wristwatch and chest-patch monitors) compared to an AL.
Esther Levi, Ohad Ronen: Physician adherence to acute rhinosinusitis antibiotic treatment guidelines (J Investig Med . )
Antibiotic treatment guidelines promote proper diagnosis and treatment and optimize antibiotic treatment, minimizing both antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics and financial expenditure. This study aimed to investigate whether community physicians and emergency department (ED) physicians diagnose and treat acute rhinosinusitis according to accepted guidelines.
C Peles, M C J Rudolf: "Over-preoccupation with healthy food is perceived as worship of the body": Food, culture and beliefs in Ultra-Orthodox Jewish families (Appetite .)
Eating behaviours vary by culture and religion, and an understanding of attitudes and practices are essential for providing culturally competent nutritional guidance. The Ultra-orthodox Jewish community is characterized by poor diet, high rates of obesity, anemia and diabetes. This study aimed to acquire insights that could influence the promotion of healthier eating in the Ultra-orthodox and other closed religious communities, particularly regarding children's eating habits and the food they consume.
Ayelet Shai: Feminism, gender medicine and beyond: a feminist analysis of "gender medicine" (Int J Equity Health .)
The feminist women's health movement empowered women's knowledge regarding their health and battled against paternalistic and oppressive practices within healthcare systems. Gender Medicine (GM) is a new discipline that studies the effect of sex/gender on general health. The international society for gender medicine (IGM) was embraced by the FDA and granted funds by the European Union to formulate policies for medical practice and research.We conducted a review of IGM publications and policy statements in scientific journals and popular media.
Serum Albumin to Creatinine Ratio as Predictor for 30-Day All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Clostridium Dificile- Associated Diarrhea (Ann Clin Lab Sci .)
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patients. Several scores have developed in order to assess the severity of CDAD. Determines the role of the serum albumin to creatinine ratio (sACR) in predicting the 30-day all-cause mortality of patients with CDAD in comparison with other known severity scores of CDAD.
(William Nseir, Jihad Njidat, Amir Amara, Avi Peretz, Hazem Kahatib, Amir Mari, Mahmud Mahamid, Raymond Farah)
Chaim Putterman: TWEAKing the Hippocampus: The Effects of TWEAK on the Genomic Fabric of the Hippocampus in a Neuropsychiatric Lupus Mouse Model (Genes (Basel) .)
Neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), specifically cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders, are widely prevalent in SLE patients, and yet poorly understood. TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE), and we have recently shown its effects on the transcriptome of the cortex of the lupus-prone mice model MRL/lpr. As the hippocampus is thought to be an important focus of NPSLE processes, we explored the TWEAK-induced transcriptional changes that occur in the hippocampus, and isolated several genes (Dnajc28, Syne2, transthyretin) and pathways (PI3K-AKT, as well as chemokine-signaling and neurotransmission pathways) that are most differentially affected by TWEAK activation.
David Azoulay:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hematological malignancies: From detrimental to potentially beneficial (Blood Rev .)
Emerging studies have highlighted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuronal growth factor abundant in the peripheral blood, and its tyrosine kinase receptor TRKB, as onco-genes and proteins that support the survival of malignant hematological cells. In contrast, other researchers reported on a favorable association between BDNF blood levels and prognosis, chemotherapy response and neurological side effects in patients with hematological malignancies. Here, we review the accumulated data regarding the expression of BDNF and its receptors in normal hematopoietic and lymphatic cells and tissue.