חדשות המחקר

Tranexamic acid (TXA) administration confers a survival benefit in bleeding trauma patients; however, data regarding its use in pediatric patients are limited. This study evaluates the prehospital treatment with TXA in pediatric trauma patients treated by the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps (IDF-MC).

The literature on retinal vascular occlusions in Behçet disease (BD) patients is limited. The aim of this study is to thoroughly investigate retinal vascular occlusions among ocular BD patients.

Here, I review the results of Leclaire et al. and provide a wider context for their research by reviewing other studies in the field, focusing on avian species

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common rhythm disturbance seen in clinical practice. Evidence emerged that suggested inflammation was associated with risk of AF. Helicobacter pylori (HP) cause gastric and esophageal inflammation, as well as systemic and vascular inflammation. These local and systemic inflammatory effects may increase the risk of AF. The pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unknown. However, many recent studies point to an association between AF and inflammation because of a demonstrable significant correlation between the dysrhythmia and various biomarkers of inflammation. 

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections has quickly developed into a global public health threat. COVID-19 patients show distinct clinical features, and in some cases, during the severe stage of the condition, the disease severity leads to an acute respiratory disorder. In spite of several pieces of research in this area, the molecular mechanisms behind the development of disease severity are still not clearly understood. Recent studies demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 alters the host cell splicing and transcriptional response to overcome the host immune response that provides the virus with favorable conditions to replicate efficiently within the host cells. In several disease conditions, aberrant splicing could lead to the development of novel chimeric transcripts that could promote the functional alternations of the cell. As severe SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported to cause abnormal splicing in the infected cells, we could expect the generation and expression of novel chimeric transcripts. However, no study so far has attempted to check whether novel chimeric transcripts are expressed in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this study, we analyzed several publicly available blood transcriptome datasets of severe COVID-19, mild COVID-19, other severe respiratory viral infected patients, and healthy individuals.

Autosomal recessive conditions are common in consanguineous populations. Since consanguinity is common in the Israeli Arab population, we evaluated the rate of MUTYH polyposis (MAP) among polyposis patients in this population and studied Pathogenic Variants (PVs) spectrum.

The gut microbiota refers to an entire population of microorganisms that colonize the gut. This community includes viruses, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and eukaryotes (fungi and parasites). Multiple studies in the last decades described the significant involvement of gut bacteria in gut-brain axis communication; however, the involvement of other members of the gut microbiota has been neglected. Recent studies found that these 'forgotten' members of the gut microbiota may also have a role in gut-brain communication, although it is still unclear whether they have a direct effect on the brain or if their effects are mediated by gut bacteria. Here, we provide concrete suggestions for future research to tease out mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Metformin is an old, relatively safe, first line therapy for T2DM; however, it has been associated with stroke. Objectives: To study the effects of metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency on stroke rate among patients with T2DM.

Scleroderma renal crisis is a rare but serious complication of systemic sclerosis. It is usually associated with marked hypertension and carries significant risk for morbidity and mortality. Its occurrence prior to the development of skin sclerosis is exceedingly rare. We report a case of a patient who presented with recurrent pericardial effusion and later tested positive for anti-nuclear and anti-topoisomerase antibodies.

Colonic goblet cells are specialized epithelial cells that secrete mucus to physically separate the host and its microbiota, thus preventing bacterial invasion and inflammation. How goblet cells control the amount of mucus they secrete is unclear. We found that constitutive activation of autophagy in mice via Beclin 1 enables the production of a thicker and less penetrable mucus layer by reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

(Maria Naama, Shahar Telpaz, Aya Awad, Shira Ben-Simon, Sarina Harshuk-Shabso, Sonia Modilevsky, Elad Rubin, Jasmin Sawaed, Lilach Zelik, Mor Zigdon, Nofar Asulin, Sondra Turjeman, Michal Werbner, Meital Nuriel-Ohayon, Shai Bel)

The Butterfly Prostatic Retraction device is a novel transurethral implant designed to dilate the prostatic urethra and treat lower urinary tract symptoms. We assessed its safety, efficacy and impact on urinary flow, ejaculation, and quality of life.

Breakthrough bleeding is a side effect of progesterone-only pills (POPs) in 40% of women, and is reduced to 10% with combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs). In addition, breakthrough bleeding is reduced if POP is supplemented with norethisterone. As breakthrough bleeding is responsible for a quarter of women stopping the pill, it is vital to realize that CHC is an alternative to POP-even during lactation. ...To measure how physicians respond to the presumed dilemma of balancing the risk of breakthrough bleeding versus the concern of reduction of milk production, we conducted a preliminary online survey.

Severe childhood obesity is associated with increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). Among children with Class 1 obesity, higher BMI may indicate greater cardiometabolic risk. Class 1 obesity reflects a wide spectrum of BMI values. Each 10% increase in BMI above the 95th percentile is equivalent to an average increase of 2.15 kg/m2 and 2.75 kg/m2 in BMI among children and adolescents, respectively. Such increments may be of clinical importance. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and clustering of CMRFs in children and adolescents with BMI 110%-119% of the 95th BMI percentile.

This study analyzed how students' personality traits and course attendance preferences impact academic integrity in the HyFlex learning environment.