חדשות המחקר

Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which aging-related reductions of the levels of Numb in skeletal muscle fibers contribute to loss of muscle strength and power, two critical features of sarcopenia. 

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) belongs to the gamma-herpesvirus family and is a well-known human oncogenic virus. In infected cells, the viral genome of 165 kbp is circular DNA wrapped in chromatin. The tight control of gene expression is critical for latency, the transition into the lytic phase, and the development of viral-associated malignancies. Distal cis-regulatory elements, such as enhancers and silencers, can regulate gene expression in a position- and orientation-independent manner. Open chromatin is another characteristic feature of enhancers. To systematically search for enhancers, we cloned all the open chromatin regions in the KSHV genome downstream of the luciferase gene and tested their enhancer activity in infected and uninfected cells.

Microbes are all pervasive in their distribution and influence on the functioning and well-being of humans, life in general and the planet. Microbially-based technologies contribute hugely to the supply of important goods and services we depend upon, such as the provision of food, medicines and clean water. They also offer mechanisms and strategies to mitigate and solve a wide range of problems and crises facing humanity at all levels, including those encapsulated in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) formulated by the United Nations....

Behect's syndrome (BS) is a multisystem syndrome characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers along with skin, musculoskeletal, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, neurologic, and vascular involvements. Some of the manifestations can be severe and predispose the patients to organ-threatening or even life-threatening damage. At the most optimistic scenario, patients with BS can be diagnosed at the time of first presenting symptom when the clinical scenario is highly suggestive of BS and actually the patient fulfills one of the accepted sets of criteria. Unfortunately, some patients present with clinical features suggestive of BS but have other relevant differential diagnoses, especially when common features of BS, such as oral ulcers are absent, making the timely diagnosis of BS challenging, with subsequent delay in introducing appropriate therapy. Furthermore, in some cases, the irreversible damage might have occurred at the time of presentation. Ocular involvement with posterior uveitis and retinal vasculitis may cause blindness if not treat urgently and aggressively and neurologic and vascular involvements may cause significant morbidity or even mortality, even when identified early and treated appropriately. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to identify these high-risk patients one step before they become symptomatic. Is it a possible and realistic goal?

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has provided a classification framework encompassing four distinct molecular types of endometrial cancer, each linked to prognosis. Despite this useful delineation, the Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer (ProMisE) has emerged as a pragmatic alternative. Based on immunohistochemical staining, the ProMisE classification elegantly categorizes endometrial tumors into four clinically relevant subtypes: mismatch repair-deficient, polymerase epsilon exonuclease (POLE) mutated, p53 wild type, and p53 abnormal. However, in this classification, distinguishing between POLE mutated and p53 wild subtypes requires sequencing.

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Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are increasingly being used; thus, there is an increasing need for transvenous lead extraction (TLE). Objectives: To summarize our experience with TLE at single referral center in northern Israel.

After an acute infection, older persons may benefit from geriatric rehabilitation (GR). This study describes the recovery trajectories of post-COVID-19 patients undergoing GR and explores whether frailty is associated with recovery.

The International Federation for Surgery for Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) Global Registry aims to provide descriptive data about the caseload and penetrance of surgery for metabolic disease and obesity in member countries. The data presented in this report represent the key findings of the eighth report of the IFSO Global Registry.

In the biomedical field, the differentiation between sex and gender is crucial for enhancing the understanding of human health and personalizing medical treatments, particularly within the domain of orthopedics. This distinction, often overlooked or misunderstood, is vital for dissecting and treating musculoskeletal conditions effectively. This review delves into the sex- and gender-specific physiology of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, highlighting how hormonal differences impact the musculoskeletal system's structure and function, and exploring the physiopathology of orthopedic conditions from an epidemiological, molecular, and clinical perspective, shedding light on the discrepancies in disease manifestation across sexes. 

Examines the renal effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition among non-diabetic individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a real-world setting.

This study explores the relationship between acquired punctal stenosis (PS) and ocular surface disease (OSD), assessing causal mechanisms and clinical impacts, utilizing a combination of a comprehensive literature review and a detailed analysis of a patient cohort from a tertiary care center.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma with approximately 30% of HCC being due to HCV infection worldwide. HCV eradication by antivirals greatly reduces the risk of HCC; nevertheless, HCC remains to occur in CHC patients who have achieved a sustained virological response (SVR). The proportion of post-SVR HCC among newly diagnosed HCC patients is increasing in the DAA era and might be due to preexisting inflammatory and fibrotic liver background, immune dysregulation between host and virus interaction, as well as host epigenetic scar, genetic predispositions and alternations. By means of applying surrogate markers and adopting risk stratification, HCC surveillance should be consistently performed in high-risk populations. In this review, we discuss the possible molecular mechanism, risk factors and surveillance strategy for HCC development after HCV eradication.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected health care systems worldwide, and the field of dentistry is no exception. Odontogenic infections in pediatric patients pose unique challenges to treatment and diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, characteristics, and treatment of pediatric maxillofacial odontogenic infections during COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19.

Coronavirus diasease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause both pulmonary and systemic inflammation, potentially determining multi-organ dysfunction. The thyroid gland is a neuroendocrine organ that plays an important role in regulating immunity and metabolism. Low serum levels of thyroid hormones are common in critical disease situations. The association between low thyroid hormone levels and mortality in COVID-19 intensive care patients has yet to be studied.