Recent Publications

Previous results indicated a potential effect of arginase inhibition, with norvaline, on various aspects of neurogenesis in triple-transgenic mice. To better evaluate this effect, the researchers chronically administered an arginase inhibitor, norvaline, to triple-transgenic and wild-type mice, and applied an advanced immunohistochemistry approach with several biomarkers and bright-field microscopy. (B. Polis, KD Srikanth, V. Gurevich, N. Bloch, H. Gil-Henn, AO Samson)

Pneumothorax (PNT) and pneumomediastinum (PMT) induced by foreign body (FB) aspiration in children is a rare but potentially life-threatening event. This situation may not be diagnosed in time due to its rarity and atypical presentation in some cases. Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential in order to provide adequate treatment and avoid long-term morbidity.

The glycocalyx is a layer coating the luminal surface of vascular endothelial cells. It is vital for endothelial function as it participates in microvascular reactivity, endothelium interaction with blood constituents, and vascular permeability. Structural and functional damage to glycocalyx occurs in various disease states....This review focuses on alterations of glycocalyx during I/R injury in general and to vital organs in particular, and on maneuvers aimed at glycocalyx recovery during I/R injury.

Simultaneous occlusion of two coronary arteries in acute MI is infrequent and may be accompanied by cardiogenic shock. Prompt restoration of normal coronary flow can salvage the myocardium and decrease a possible risk of death from complications.

This study aimed to assess the effects of the wide introduction of advanced tourniquets on the rate of tourniquet applications, the type of tourniquet applied, and the differences in hospitalisation outcomes following the introduction.

Following the IDF military-wide introduction of advanced tourniquets, the tourniquet application rate rose sharply, the use of old tourniquets ceased over time, and in-hospital amputation rate did not increase. These findings suggest that the awareness for haemorrhage control using advanced tourniquets rose.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has recently emerged as a minimally invasive 'liquid biopsy' tool in precision medicine. This review presents current evidence on the potential role for ctDNA in helping to guide individualized clinical treatment decisions for patients with melanoma, castration-resistant prostate cancer, breast cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer.

The influence of morbid obesity on mortality in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been consistently evaluated.

In patients with VTE, the risk for death during anticoagulation was about one third lower in morbidly obese patients than in those with normal weight, independently of the presence of cancer.

Alzheimer’s disease is an incurable chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia, imposing a growing economic burden upon society. The disease progression is associated with gradual deposition of amyloid plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles within the brain parenchyma, yet severe dementia is the culminating phase of the enduring pathology. Converging evidence suggests that Alzheimer’s disease-related cognitive decline is the outcome of an extremely complex and persistent pathophysiological process.... approaches targeting amyloid-beta or Tau are not adequate to cure the disease. Accordingly, the modern scientific vision of Alzheimer’s disease etiology and pathogenesis must reach beyond the hallmarks, and look for alternative strategies and areas of research.

Seasonal variations in the incidence of esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with end stage liver disease have been explored in various studies but the results were inconsistent. In the present retrospective analysis, consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis admitted with esophageal variceal bleeding to the Galilee medical center from 2010 until 2015 were evaluated.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a relatively common disease which significantly affects the patient's quality of life (QoL). Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test–22 (SNOT‐22) is a QoL questionnaire which allows quantifying patients' complaints. Our aim was to translate and validated the SNOT‐22 into the Russian language. (Netanel Eisenbach, Tal Marshak,  Ohad Ronen)

Previous studies have shown that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can improve the motor functions and memory of post-stroke patients in the chronic stage.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of HBOT on overall cognitive functions of post-stroke patients in the chronic stage. The nature, type and location of the stroke were investigated as possible modifiers.

Letter to the Editor.

There is growing evidence for the involvement of the gut-microbiota in the regulation of emotions, behavior, and higher cognitive functions through the 'microbiome-gut-brain axis'. This relationship between the gut microbiota and the brain is pivotal for the development of the newborn, which receives its commensal microbiota at birth; dysbiosis may result in altered neurodevelopment. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is actively involved in the stress response but is undeveloped in the newborn. Here, we describe how changes in the commensal microbiota influence the normal development of the HPA axis and review recent findings describing the essential crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the HPA axis and suggesting a role for the maternal and commensal microbiota in the development of the HPA axis and of the stress response. (Linoy Mia Frankiensztajn, Evan Elliott, Omry Koren)

Study conducted a scoping review to assess what is known about the human health outcomes associated with exposure to unconventional oil and gas (UOG) development.

Hemorrhage control is a basic task required of first responders and typically requires technical interventions during stressful circumstances. Remote telementoring (RTM) utilizes information technology to guide inexperienced providers, but when this is useful remains undefined. Military medics were randomized to mentoring or not from an experienced subject matter expert during the application of a wound clamp (WC) to a simulated bleed. Inexperienced, nonmentored medics were given a 30-second safety briefing; mentored medics were not. Objective outcomes were time to task completion and success in arresting simulated bleeding.