חדשות המחקר

 Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious disease, which demands a fast accurate diagnosis to begin suitable treatment. It presents a major problem in the emergency department (ED), and its confirmation requires adequate evaluation. We evaluate a potential role of mean platelet volume (MPV) in differentiating VTE from other potential diagnosis in patients with suspected VTE.

Dupilumab (Dupixent®) is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 signaling used for the treatment of allergic diseases. Whilst biologic therapy is traditionally regarded as immunosuppressive and capable to increase the infectious risk, Dupilumab does not display these characteristics and may be even protective in certain cases. We investigated the link between Dupilumab therapy and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Retrospectively evaluates the clinical outcome of six patients with skull base hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) and that of a cohort of 37 similar patients identified by a systematic review of the literature.

Ufmylation is a post-translational modification essential for regulating key cellular processes. A three-enzyme cascade involving E1, E2 and E3 is required for UFM1 attachment to target proteins. How UBA5 (E1) and UFC1 (E2) cooperatively activate and transfer UFM1 is still unclear. Here, we present the crystal structure of UFC1 bound to the C-terminus of UBA5, revealing how UBA5 interacts with UFC1 via a short linear sequence, not observed in other E1-E2 complexes.

Vaccines against COVID-19 are likely to be approved for children under 12 years in the near future. Understanding vaccine hesitancy in parents is essential for reaching herd immunity. A cross-sectional survey of caregivers in 12 emergency departments (ED) was undertaken in the U.S., Canada, and Israel. We compared reported willingness to vaccinate children against COVID-19 with an initial survey and post-adult COVID-19 vaccine approval.

Although bullous pemphigoid (BP), atopic dermatitis (AD), and allergic rhinitis (AR) are associated with shared pathogenic mechanisms the epidemiological relationship between these conditions remains to be investigated. (Khalaf Kridin, Christoph M Hammers, Ralf J Ludwig, Erez Onn, Yochai Schonmann, Abed Abu-Elhija, Dana Tzur Bitan, Enno Schmidt, Orly Weinstein, Arnon D Cohen)

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affects more than 30,000 individuals in the US annually, with smoking and alcohol consumption being the main risk factors. Management of early stage tumors usually includes surgical resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy in certain cases. The cervical lymph nodes (LN) are the most common site for local metastasis and elective neck dissection is usually performed if the primary tumor thickness is greater than 3.5 mm. However, postoperative histological examination often reveals that many patients with early stage disease are negative for neck nodal metastasis, posing a pressing need for improved risk stratification to either avoid over-treatment or prevent the disease progression. To this end, we aimed to identify a primary tumor gene signature that can accurately predict cervical LN metastasis in patients with early stage OSCC. 

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a clinical condition associated with cardiac contractility impairment. HFrEF is a significant public health issue with a high morbidity and mortality burden. Pathological left ventricular (LV) remodeling and progressive dilatation are hallmarks of HFrEF pathogenesis, ultimately leading to adverse clinical outcomes. Therefore, cardiac remodeling attenuation has become a treatment goal and a standard of care over the last three decades....

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often comorbid with other pathologies. First, we review shortly the diseases most associated with AD in the clinic. Then we query PubMed citations for the co-occurrence of AD with other diseases, using a list of 400 common pathologies. 

Chimeric RNAs are generated by the fusion of the exons or introns of two genes. The generation of chimeric RNAs is important for the functional expansion of cells. Here, we describe the functional implications of chimeric RNAs for generating phenotypic plasticity from an evolutionary perspective.

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Antibiotic resistance is one of the leading medical challenges with which we are currently faced. Antibiotics, while powerful medical tools, also wreak havoc on the endogenous microbiota. Many believe that probiotics can restore the microbiota following antibiotic treatment and might even suppress the spread of antibiotic-resistance genes, but a recent study (Montassier et al.) suggests otherwise.

AP1 is an inner nuclear membrane protein encoded by TOR1AIP1. A homozygous c.961C > T loss of function mutation in TOR1AIP1 that affects both isoforms of LAP1 was recently described. This mutation leads to the development of a severe multisystemic nuclear envelopathy syndrome. Here we describe the generation and characterization of two human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines derived from skin fibroblasts of two patients carrying the homozygous c.961C > T mutation. These novel lines can be used as a powerful tool to investigate the molecular mechanism by which LAP1 deficiency leads to the development of this severe hereditary disorder.

Serum biochemical changes during laparoscopic surgery and positive pressure pneumoperitoneum (PP) may reflect mild oxidative stress due to the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) mechanism. However, there is still a controversy regarding the exact mechanism of PP in creating oxidative stress and whether the induction of PP causes I/R effects at all. To elucidate this debated issue, we studied, for the first time, the changes of I/R parameters in the serum, in a pilot study, during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a reliable, independent exogenous oxidative biomarker, together with common intrinsic biomarkers of oxidative stress.

This efficacy trial evaluated the effects of two polyphenolic stilbenes, resveratrol and pterostilbene, mostly found in grapes, on the brush border membrane functionality, morphology and gut microbiome. This study applied the validated Gallus gallus intra-amniotic approach to investigate the effects of stilbene administration versus the controls.